Papua Niugini
Papua Niugini em i wanpela kantri long rijen Melanesia long Pasifik. Giraun bilong kantri i stap long isten hap bilong Niugini Ailan na tu long ol narapela ailan olsem Niu Briten, Niu Ailan, Bogenvil, Manus, na planti moa.
| Independen Stet bilong Papua Niugini Independent State of Papua New Guinea |
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| Motto: Unity in diversity[1] | ||||||
| Singsing: O Arise, All You Sons[2] |
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| Kapitol (and largest city) | Pot Mosbi 9°30′S 147°07′E / 9.5°S 147.117°E | |||||
| Tokples bilong gavman | Tok Inglis, Tok Pisin, Hiri Motu | |||||
| Gavman | Constitutional monarchy | |||||
| - | King | Charles 3 | ||||
| - | Gavana-Jenerel | Bob Dadae | ||||
| - | Praim Minista | James Marape | ||||
| Independens | ||||||
| - | Ikam long Ostrelia | Septemba 16 1975 | ||||
| Hekte | ||||||
| - | Olgeta | 462,840 km2 (54th) 178,703 sq mi |
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| - | Wara (%) | 2 | ||||
| Manmeri | ||||||
| - | 2020 estimate | 8,935,000 (98th) | ||||
| - | 2011 census | 7,275,324 | ||||
| - | Densiti | 15/km2 (201st) 38.8/sq mi |
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| GDP (PPP) | 2019 estimate | |||||
| - | Olgeta | $32.382 billion (124th) | ||||
| - | Long wanwan manmeri | $3,764 (159th) | ||||
| HDI (2019) | 0.555 (medium) (155th) | |||||
| Karansi | Kina (PGK) |
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| Taim hap | AEST (UTC+10) | |||||
| - | Sama (DST) | not observed (as of 2005) (UTC+10) | ||||
| Intanet kod | .pg | |||||
| Telefon kod | 675 | |||||
Stori bilong kantri
senisimSampela manmeri ikam long Niugini Ailan long nambawan taim long faivpela ten tausen (50,000) yia i go pinis. Ol pipol bilong Hailans i wokim gaden long nain tausen (9,000) yia i go pinis - em i klostu nambawan taim long wol long wokim gaden.
Olsem fopela tausen (4,000) yia i go pinis, ol lain oli kolim Ostronisien i kamap long Papua Niugini, na oli bringim ol pik, pasin bilong hukim pis, pasin bilong wokim pot, na ol nupela tokples i kam.
Olsem tri handet (300) yia i go pinis, kaukau i kam long Saut Amerika. Kaukau i winim taro long karim planti kaikai, na nau namba bilong ol manmeri i go antap long Hailans na sampela ol narapela hap.
Dispela nem "Papua Niugini" i kamap long tok "Papua", hap tok bilong Malesia long kain gras bilong ol manmeri bilong Melanesia, na tok "Niu Gini", i kam long wanpela man bilong Spen, Yñigo Ortiz de Retez, husait i tingim lukluk bilong ol manmeri bilong Niugini i wankain ol manmeri bilong hap Gini long Afrika.
Long yia 1883, kantri Briten i kam long Sauten Rijen na tokaut olsem em i giraun bilong ol nau. Ol i kirapim gavman bilong dispela hap na givim nem "British New Guinea", o "Niugini bilong Briten". Kapitol bilong dispela gavman em i Pot Mosbi.
Long yia 1884, kantri Jemani i kam long Ailans Rijen na Momase Rijen na tokaut olsem em i giraun bilong ol nau. Ol i no kirapim gavman tru pastaim, tasol oli tokim Kampani bilong Niugini (Tok Siaman: Neuguinea-Kompanie) long bosim dispela giraun. Nambawan taun bilong dispela kampani oli kolim Herbertshöhe long Tok Siaman. Nau yumi save long dispela taun long nem Kokopo. Long yia 1899, gavman bilong Jemani i tokim kampani olsem i mas pinis long bosim giraun, na gavman i kirapim ofis bilong gavman long bosim Niugini bilong Jemani.
Taim wo i stat long 1915, ami bilong Ostrelia i rausim gavman bilong Jemani na bosim tupela giraun: "Papua" (Sauten Rijen) na "New Guinea" (Ailans Rijen na Momase Rijen). Wo i pinis long 1918, na bihain Ostrelia i kisim tokorait long Lig bilong ol Kantri (Tok Inglis: League of Nations) long bosim tupela giraun.
Wo i kamap gen long 1941, taim ami bilong Siapan i kam na holim planti hap long Niugini olsem Niu Ailan, Manus, Niu Briten, Bogenvil, Momase Rijen na tu Oro na Milen Be. Planti pait i kamap long kainkain hap long kantri long dispela taim. Dispela wo i pinis long 1945.
Bihain long wo, Papua na Niugini i pas wantaim olsem wanpela giraun, wantaim nem Papua na Niugini, na Ostrelia i lukautim. Haus bilong Asembli, olsem Palamen, i stat long 1964. Long 1972 nupela ileksen i kamap long Palamen tru, na ol memba i makim Michael Somare olsem nambawan Praim Minista bilong kantri. Long dispela taim, nem bilong kantri i senis i go long Papua Niugini.
Long yia 1975, long 16 Septemba, Papua Niugini i kisim independens long Ostrelia, na em i sanap olsem wanpela kantri em yet nau. Michael Somare bilong Pangu Pati i stap olsem Praim Minista inap long yia 1980, na long dispela taim Palamen i vot long rausim em na Julius Chan i kisim nambawan sia nau.
Long yia 1982, Michael Somare i winim vot na sanap olsem Praim Minista gen, tasol Palamen i rausim em long 1985 na givim dispela posisen i go long Paias Wingti. Wingti i stap yet olsem Praim Minista bihain long ol ileksen bilong yia 1987, tasol Palamen i rausim em long 1988 na makim Rabbie Namaliu.
Traipela pait long Bogenvil i stat long yia 1988 i go long yia 1997. Klostu tupela ten tausen (20,000) manmeri i dai pinis long dispela pait.
Long yia 1992, Sir Julius Chan i kisim pawa gen, inap long 1997, taim em i risain bihain long traubel wantaim Sandlain long Bogenvil. Palamen i makim Bill Skate olsem Praim Minista long dispela taim. Long 1999, oli rausim em gen, na Sir Mekere Morauta em i sanap olsem nupela Praim Minista bilong kantri.
Long ileksen bilong yia 2002, nupela pati bilong Sir Michael Somare, Nesenel Alains, i wokim nupela gavman, na long nambawan taim long kantri, dispela gavman istap long faivpela yia inap long ol ileksen long yia 2007.
Long nesenel ileksen bilong yia 2007, Nesenel Alains i winim ol narapela pati na kirapim nupela gavman gen.
Giraun
senisimHekte bilong kantri em i 452,860 km². Long planti hap long kantri igat ol maunten na bikbus istap. Maun Wilhelm i winim ol narapela maunten long kantri: antap bilong em em i 4,509 m.
Arere long tupela traipela wara, wara Sepik na wara Flai, igat ol bigpela hap olsem ples tais.
Papua Niugini i silip antap long Raun bilong Paia bilong Pasifik, na olsem igat planti maunten i save pairap, na tu em i peles bilong ol guria. Long yia 1994 wanpela pairap bilong Tavurvur na Vulcan i bagarapim Rabaul taun olgeta.
Ol abus na diwai
senisimBigpela hap bilong ol pisin na abus bilong Niugini Ailan i wanlain long sampela pisin na abus bilong Ostrelia. Ol lain bilong kapul, kaskas na ol narapela abus olsem we ol i save karim pikinini long paus, ol i no save silip long narapela kantri: oli stap long Niugini na Ostrelia tasol.
Long ol ailan bilong Papua Niugini, ol abus i narapela kain gen: i no gat ol kapul, kaskas na narapela abus olsem.
Antap long 700 kain (Tok Inglis: species) bilong pisin istap long Papua Niugini.
Wanpela lain bilong ol pisin igat bigpela nem: ol kumul (Tok Inglis: bird of paradise). Long Hailans Rijen, planti lain bilong ol pipol save kisim ol kumul long wokim bilas. Long wan handet inap long tri handet yia igo pinis, planti bigmeri long Yurop i laikim tru gras bilong kumul, na baim ol Yurop man long kam sutim ol pisin na salim. Nau kumul em i nesenel mak bilong Papua Niugini, na yumi lukim em long plak bilong kantri.
Ol manmeri
senisimIgat antap long 5 milien manmeri oli silip long Papua Niugini. Klostu long hap milien i silip long ol bikpela taun olsem Pot Mosbi, Lae, Maun Hagen, Madang, Wewak, Goroka, na Kokopo. Bigpela hap tru bilong namba bilong ol manmeri bilong kantri i silip long ol peles.
Papua Niugini igat planti manmeri husait i kisim sik AIDS, na namba bilong ol i winim ol narapela kantri long Pasifik. Dispela namba i kamap bikpela kwiktaim nau.
Ol tokples
senisimPapua Niugini igat antap long 800 tokples. Dispela namba em i makim olsem wanpela ten tu pesen (12%) bilong olgeta tokples long wol, na i no gat narapela kantri long wol i winim dispela namba bilong ol tokples. Igat tupela bigpela lain bilong ol tokples: ol tokples Papua, na ol tokples Ostronisia.
Igat tripela tokples bilong Palamen: Tok Inglis, Tok Pisin na Hiri Motu, tasol tokples bilong gavman na bigpela hap bilong ol sikul em i Tok Inglis. Sampela sikul i yusim ol lokol tokples wantaim ol yangpela sumatin long halivim ol long lainim pasin bilong ridim na raitim. Tok Pisin em i nambawan tokples bilong kantri bilong wanem namba bilong ol manmeri i yusim, long ol taun na ol peles, i winim olgeta narapela tokples. Planti lain long Sentral Provins na Gulf Provins i save yusim Hiri Motu, na ol i no save yusim Tok Pisin tumas.
Planti manmeri i save long tupela o tripela o moa tokples. Planti ol tokples long kantri igat ananit long faiv tausen (5,000) manmeri tasol i save yusim.
Ol provins
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| Region | Provins | Kapitol |
|---|---|---|
| Sauten Rijen | Sentrel (01) | Pot Mosbi |
| Gulf Provins (07) | Kerema | |
| Milen Be (10) | Alotau | |
| Nesenel Kapitol Distrik (20) | Pot Mosbi | |
| Oro (13) | Popondetta | |
| Flai (16) | Daru | |
| Ailans Rijen | Bogenvil (14) | Arawa |
| Is Niu Briten (04) | Kokopo | |
| Manus (09) | Lorengau | |
| Niu Ailan (12) | Kavieng | |
| Wes Niu Briten (18) | Kimbe | |
| Momase Rijen | Is Sepik (05) | Wewak |
| Madang (08) | Madang | |
| Morobe (11) | Lae | |
| Sandaun (19) | Vanimo | |
| Hailans Rijen | Simbu (02) | Kundiawa |
| Isten Hailans (03) | Goroka | |
| Enga (06) | Wabag | |
| Sauten Hailans (15) | Mendi | |
| Westen Hailans (17) | Maun Hagen |
Ol kastom
senisimPapua Niugini igat antap long wan tausen pasin bilong kastom, wantaim kainkain pasin bilong danis, singsing, katim diwai, wokim bilas, na ol narapela pasin bilong kastom.
Long sampela hap bilong kantri, ol sios i rausim bikpela hap bilong ol kastom pinis, tasol long ol narapela hap, kastom i stap yet na ol manmeri i bihainim kastom wantaim ol pasin bilong sios.
Ol referens
senisim- ↑ Sir Michael Somare (2004-12-06). Stable Government, Investment Initiatives, and Economic Growth. Keynote address to the 8th Papua New Guinea Mining and Petroleum Conference (Google cache). Retrieved on 2007-08-09.
- ↑ Never more to rise. The National (February 6, 2006). Retrieved on 2005-01-19.