Ensaiklopedia: Difference between revisions

* Encyclopedias can be general, containing articles on topics in every field (the English-language ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]'' and German ''[[Brockhaus encyclopedia|Brockhaus]]'' are well-known examples). General encyclopedias often contain guides on how to do a variety of things, as well as embedded dictionaries and [[gazetteer]]s. There are also encyclopedias that cover a wide variety of topics but from a particular cultural, ethnic, or national perspective, such as the ''[[Great Soviet Encyclopedia]]'' or ''[[Encyclopaedia Judaica]]''.

* Works of encyclopedic scope aim to convey the important accumulated knowledge for their subject domain, such as an encyclopedia of medicine, philosophy, or law. Works vary in the breadth of material and the depth of discussion, depending on the [[target audience]]. (For example, the [http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/encyclopedia.html Medical Encyclopedia] produced by the U.S. [[National Institutes of Health]].)

* Some systematic method of organization is essential to making an encyclopedia usable as a work of reference. There have historically been two main methods of organizing printed encyclopedias: the [[alphabetical order|alphabetical]] method (consisting of a number of separate articles, organised in alphabetical order), or organization by [[hierarchy|hierarchical]] categories. The former method is today the most common by far, especially for general works. The fluidity of electronic media, however, allows new possibilities for multiple methods of organization of the same content. Further, electronic media offer previously unimaginable capabilities for search, indexing and cross reference. The epigraph from [[Horace]] on the title page of the 18th-century ''Encyclopédie'' suggests the importance of the structure of an encyclopedia: "What grace may be added to commonplace matters by the power of order and connection."

* As modern multimedia and the information age have evolved, they have had an ever-increasing effect on the collection, verification, summation, and presentation of information of all kinds. Projects such as [[Encarta]], [[h2g2]] and [[Wikipedia]] are examples of new forms of the encyclopedia as information retrieval becomes simpler.

* [http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=encyclopedia&searchmode=none EtymologyOnline]

* Blom Phillip, ''Enlightening the World: Encyclopaedie, the Book that Changed the Course of History'', (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005)

* Collison, Robert, ''Encyclopaedias: Their History Throughout the Ages'', 2nd ed. (New York, London: Hafner, 1966)

* Darnton, Robert, ''The business of enlightenment : a publishing history of the Encyclopédie, 1775-1800'' (Cambridge: Belknap Press, 1979) ISBN 0-674-08785-2

* Kafker, Frank A. (ed.), ''Notable encyclopedias of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries: nine predecessors of the Encyclopédie'' (Oxford: Voltaire Foundation, 1981) ISBN

* Kafker, Frank A. (ed.), ''Notable encyclopedias of the late eighteenth century: eleven successors of the Encyclopédie'' (Oxford: Voltaire Foundation, 1994) ISBN

* Needham, Joseph (1986). ''Science and Civilization in China: Volume 5, Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Part 7, Military Technology; the Gunpowder Epic''. Taipei: Caves Books Ltd.

* Rozenzweig, Roy. "Can History Be Open Source? Wikipedia and the Future of the Past." Journal of American History Volume 93, Number 1 (June, 2006): 117-46. Also available online [http://chnm.gmu.edu/resources/essays/d/42 here] from the Center for History and New Media.

* Walsh, S. Padraig, ''Anglo-American general encyclopedias: a historical bibliography, 1703-1967'' (New York: Bowker, 1968, 270 pp.) Includes a historical bibliography, arranged alphabetically, with brief notes on the history of many encyclopedias; a chronology; indexes by editor and publisher; bibliography; and 18 pages of notes from a 1965 American Library Association symposium on encyclopedias.

* Yeo, Richard R., ''[http://www.cambridge.org/us/catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=0521651913 Encyclopaedic visions : scientific dictionaries and enlightenment culture]'' (Cambridge, New York: Cambridge University Press, 2001) ISBN 0-521-65191-3

* [[List of encyclopedias]]

* [[Encyclopedic dictionary]]

* [[Encyclopedist]]

* [[Wikipedia:Size comparisons]]

* [[Biographical dictionary]]

* [[Dictionary]]

* [[Lexicon]]

* [[Thesaurus]]

* [[History of science and technology]]

* [[Library and information science]]

* [[Lexicography]]

* [http://www.search.com/search?channel=19&cat=63 CNET's encyclopedia meta-search] (includes Wikipedia)

* [http://www.educ.fc.ul.pt/hyper/eng/index.html Encyclopaedia and Hypertext] <!-- Is this important enough to include in this article? -->

* [http://www.accuracyproject.org/cbe-errors-books.html Internet Accuracy Project] - Biographical errors in encyclopedias and almanacs

* [http://www.hti.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=did;cc=did;idno=did2222.0000.004;rgn=main;view=text Encyclopedia] - Diderot's article on the Encyclopedia from the original [[Encyclopédie]].

* [http://www.lib.duke.edu/lilly/artsearch/guides/discussion%20guides/scholarlyencycl.htm What makes a scholarly encyclopedia?]

* [http://kennedy.byu.edu/staff/peterson/multivol/multibooks.html Errors and inconsistencies in several printed reference books and encyclopedias]

* [http://reviews.cnet.com/4520-3118_7-6378998.html Digital encyclopedias put the world at your fingertips] - [[CNET]] article

* [http://lii.org/pub/htdocs/search?action=show;search=encyclopedia;searchtype=keywords Librarians' Internet Index] - a list of encyclopedias online

* [http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/reference/encycl.htm Encyclopedias online] University of Wisconsin - Stout listing by category