Mesopotamia
Mesopotamia em i wanpela oltaim istorikol hap bilong Namel Est. Em i inkludim planti long tude olsem Irak long tude, na hap bilong modern-dey Iran, Syria na Tuki. Naim bilong "tupela river" em i riferim long Taigris na Eufrates river. Bikpela Graik i kolim dispela hap long nam bilong Mesopotamia, "land bilong tupela river" (Greek: Μεσοποταμία - "land between rivers").